Risks

Some people may need special preparation before surgery to decrease the risk of complications. These are people who

Have a history of blood clots in large blood vessels (deep vein thrombosis).
Smoke.
Take large doses of aspirin. Aspirin slows blood clotting and may increase the chances of bleeding after surgery.
Take a blood thinner.
Have severe urinary problems, such as those caused by an enlarged prostate gland.

Risks of laparoscopic hernia repair include:

Risks of general anesthesia.
Pain in the testicles or in the cord that carries sperm from the testicle to the penis (spermatic cord).
Damage to the cord that carries sperm from the testicles to the penis. This could affect your ability to father children.
Fluid (seromas) or blood (hematomas) in the scrotum, the inguinal canal, or the abdominal (belly) muscles.
Inability to urinate (urinary retention) or bladder injury.
Infection from the mesh or stitches.
Scar tissue formation (adhesions).
Injury to belly organs, blood vessels, and nerves.
Numbness or pain in the thigh.
Injury to the testicle, causing testicular atrophy (rare).
Recurrence of the hernia (usually related to the mesh applied during surgery being too small to cover the groin area or the mesh not being stapled well).

Overview

Laparoscopic hernia repair is similar to other laparoscopic procedures. General anesthesia is given, and a small cut (incision) is made in or just below the navel. The abdomen is inflated with air so that the surgeon can see the abdominal (belly) organs.

A thin, lighted scope called a laparoscope is inserted through the incision. The instruments to repair the hernia are inserted through other small incisions in the lower abdomen. Mesh is then placed over the defect to reinforce the belly wall.

There are many things to think about when deciding if you should have inguinal hernia repair surgery, such as whether your hernia is incarcerated or strangulated and whether you have other conditions that need to be addressed before hernia repair surgery is appropriate.

Laparoscopic hernia repair is different from open surgery in the following ways:

A laparoscopic repair requires several small incisions instead of a single larger cut.
If hernias are on both sides, both hernias can be repaired at the same time without the need for a second large incision. Laparoscopic surgery allows the surgeon to examine both groin areas and all sites of hernias for defects. Also, the patch or mesh can be placed over all possible areas of weakness, helping prevent a hernia from recurring in the same spot or developing in a different spot.
General anesthesia is needed for laparoscopic repair. Open hernia repair can be done under general, spinal, or local anesthesia.

What to Expect After Surgery

Most people who have laparoscopic hernia repair surgery are able to go home the same day. Recovery time is about 1 to 2 weeks.

You most likely can return to light activity after 1 to 2 weeks. Strenuous exercise should wait until after 4 weeks of recovery.

Studies have found that people have less pain after laparoscopic hernia repair than after open hernia surgery.

Why It Is Done

Surgical repair is recommended for inguinal hernias that are causing pain or other symptoms and for hernias that are incarcerated or strangulated. Surgery is always recommended for inguinal hernias in children.

Laparoscopic surgery repair may not be appropriate for people who:

Have an incarcerated hernia.
Cannot tolerate general anesthesia.
Have bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Are taking a medicine (called a blood thinner) that prevents blood clots.
Have had many abdominal surgeries. Scar tissue may make the surgery harder to do through the laparoscope.
Have severe lung diseases such as emphysema. The carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen may interfere with their breathing.
Are pregnant.
Are extremely obese.

Laparoscopic hernia repair usually is not done on children. But a laparoscope may be used during open hernia repairs in children to explore the opposite groin for a hernia. This can be done by inserting the laparoscope into the side that is being operated on and looking at the opposite side. If a hernia is present, the surgeon can repair both sides during the same operation.